Challenging Tax Laws: Claiming Pets as Dependents

If you've ever been overwhelmed by your pet's veterinary bills, grooming charges, daycare costs, and premium food expenses, you're not alone in wondering, “Is my pet a dependent?” In a surprising turn, attorney Amanda Reynolds of New York is attempting to convince a federal court of just that.

In December 2025, Reynolds filed a unique case against the IRS, seeking recognition for her eight-year-old golden retriever, Finnegan, as a tax-dependent.

This intriguing case raises a perennial tax question: Are any pet-related costs deductible? If not, what's the reason behind it?

The circumstances of the litigation, the legal text, and the rare occasions the IRS recognizes animal-related deductions are outlined here.

The Legal Pursuit: "My Dog Meets the Dependent Criteria"

Reynolds contends that Finnegan fulfills the IRS's dependency criteria by living with her full time, not earning an income, and incurring over $5,000 annually for his upkeep, including food, healthcare, and daycare expenses.

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A news article on the matter quotes her asserting that "Finnegan is akin to a daughter and undeniably a 'dependent'." Her claims leverage the Equal Protection Clause, arguing discrimination based on "species" and imply a Fifth Amendment breach due to lack of recognition for tax purposes.

Current Status of the Case

Proceedings are ongoing in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York, yet a federal magistrate judge has put a hold on discovery while the IRS drafts a dismissal motion.

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The judge's order frames the issue as a "novel yet critical inquiry," questioning if pets might be valid "dependents" under tax code norms, while hinting at the case's fraught chances.

Why Federal Tax Law Doesn't Recognize Pets as Dependents

The tax statute specifically defines dependents as "individuals," generally interpreted as humans.

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Under IRC Section 152, a dependent qualifies as a "qualifying child" or "qualifying relative," emphasizing the term "individual," traditionally aligning with human beneficiaries. IRS forms necessitate Social Security numbers or taxpayer IDs, firmly categorizing dependents within human relationships.

While Reynolds believes Finnegan conforms to this dependency framework (has no income, cohabitates, and receives her support), the tax code remains structured around human "individuals."

Tax Benefits Available Concerning Animals

Though general pet costs typically aren't deductible, exceptions exist, offering tangible tax insights for relevant cases.

1) Service Animals and Medical Deductions

Service animals aiding a disability might qualify for medical expense deductions if itemized.

As per the IRS, such costs must exceed the AGI threshold and directly relate to medical care involving service animal acquisition, training, and maintenance.

Key clarification: Emotional support animals typically aren't classified as service animals under federal regulations and must be trained to perform disability-related tasks.

2) Business-Related Animal Deductions

If animals work as part of a trade or business (e.g., guard dogs for property protection or animals for pest control), related expenses could be business deductions. Valid business documentation is vital.

Your source also highlights these instances where IRS accords breaks regarding animal expenditures.

3) Charitable Deductions for Foster Animals

Taxpayers fostering animals for recognized organizations might deduct unreimbursed expenses, observing stringent rules and proofs.

Conclusion for Taxpayers

The case underscores an emotional truth: many Americans view pets as their kin, facing significant costs. However, tax law relies on legislative definitions, not emotions.

Currently:

  • Pets cannot be declared as dependents on federal tax returns.

  • Everyday pet expenses (including typical veterinary care) are usually personal and non-deductible.

  • Certain animal expenses qualify deductibles in specific cases, like service animals, business-use animals, and sometimes charitable-foster expenses.

While the Reynolds case intrigues, most experts doubt its potential to redefine tax protocols for animal dependents. Nevertheless, it illumines the gap between "family" and "property" in tax discourse. Always verify the IRS's stance on potential deductions, no matter how logical they seem.

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